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As of the 2000 Census, over half of the 37,279 people of Japanese ancestry in the U.S. state of New York lived in New York City.〔Robinson, Greg. "Japanese." In: Eisenstadt, Peter R. and Laura-Eve Moss (editors). ''The Encyclopedia of New York State''. Syracuse University Press, 2005. ISBN 081560808X, 9780815608080. p. (808 ).〕 As of 2012, the New York City metropolitan area was home to the largest Japanese community on the East Coast of the United States.〔Kano, Naomi. "Japanese Community Schools: New Pedagogy for a Changing Population" (Chapter 6). In: García, Ofelia, Zeena Zakharia, and Bahar Otcu (editors). ''Bilingual Community Education and Multilingualism: Beyond Heritage Languages in a Global City'' (Volume 89 of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism). Multilingual Matters, 2012. ISBN 184769800X, 9781847698001. START: p. (99 ). CITED: p. (105 ).〕 ==History== In 1876, six Japanese businessmen arrived in New York City on the ''Oceanic'' and established companies. They were the first Japanese people in the state of New York. Almost all of the 1,000 Issei in New York State by 1900 were in New York City.〔 The Chinese Exclusion Acts of 1882 restricted Japanese immigration to the United States and the United States and Japanese governments had a gentlemen's agreement where the Japanese would deny visas to laborers wishing to immigrate to the United States in exchange for the U.S. not officially ending Japanese immigration. For those reasons, before the 1950s New York City had few Japanese immigrants. Japanese individuals of higher socioeconomic backgrounds did enter New York City during that period.〔Smith, Andrew F. ''New York City: A Food Biography''. Rowman & Littlefield, November 26, 2013. ISBN 1442227133, 9781442227132. p. (65 ).〕 Until the 1960s there was never a greater number than 5,000 Japanese people in New York State.〔 The National Origins Act of 1924 officially barred Japanese immigration into the United States. By the 1920s, Issei with high socioeconomic status had moved to Long Island and to New Rochelle and Scarsdale in Westchester County.〔 After the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 the Japanese consulate in New York City closed. Several Japanese businesses closed as well. The overall New York State Japanese population was not mass-interned. Issei community leaders were interned at Ellis Island. After the internment of Japanese Americans ended, New York's Japanese community accepted the arrivals who had formerly been interned.〔 Japanese officials connected with the United Nations arrived in the 1950s and businesspeople associated with Japanese companies began arriving in the late 1950s.〔 Japanese immigrants became the main presence of Japanese communities after the passage of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965.〔 By 1988 there were 50,000 Japanese businesspersons working in Greater New York City, with 77% of them being temporary employees with plans to return to Japan.〔Kunieda, p. 132.〕 At that time employees of Japanese companies and their families were over 80% of the Japanese residents of the New York City area.〔Kunieda, p. 133.〕 About 25% of the Greater New York City Japanese residents had considered and/or decided to stay in the United States permanently.〔Kunieda, p. 132-133.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Japanese in New York City」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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